Armor block for water walls and the like



'Jan. 2l, 1936.l v JQBLIZARD 2,028,142

ARMOR BLOCK 'FOR WATER WALLS AND THE LIKE Filed April 2, 19:50- 2 :Smeets-SheetV 1 ATTORNEY Jan. 2l, 1936. J. BLlzARD ARMOR BLOCK FOR WATER WALLS AND THE LIKE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 2, 195o w HHIIIIIIIIIWHIHIIIIIIIIIIIHMWVHIHIWWIWWJWWHI 2 NMMWMHHMHHM Z `patented Jan. 21, 1936 PATENT OFFICE N ARMOR BLOCK FOR WATER WALLS AND THE LIKE John Blizard, Garden City, N. Y., assigner to Foster Wheeler Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation f, New York Application April 2, 1930, Serial No. 440,919

25 Claims.

This invention relates to water tube boilers or the like, more particularly to the water walls thereof, and especially to an improved armor for the tubes of the water walls.

The general purpose of providing an armor for the water wall tubes of` boilers or the like is to prevent the furnace re from coming' into direct contact with the tubes and also to form a. continuous or substantially continuous wall comprised of a plurality of blocks of metallic or other refractory material all of which are in co-ntact with the Water-wall tubes, thus ensuring a wall in which substantially all the heat absorbed by it is usefully employed in heating or vaporizing the fluid within the tubes. ,Y

Heretofore, the .armoring has `usually been done by means of blocks of metal or other refractory material individually secured to the tubes either by means of bolts or the like or by shrinking them ..20 on thetubes. The blocks are usually made with a rectangular fire surface and it has been possible to mount the blocks on the tubes so as to be in close engagement or contact therewith only when the tubes happened tobe onV the exact centers for which they were designed. If, however, any of the tubes wereout of alignment, as frequently happened, close contact between the blocks and tubes has only been obtained Vby bending and straining the tubes to t the blocks since the -30 blocks couldnot be moved laterally to an appreciable extent to closely fit the tubes for the reason that the blocks on any one tube were all confined between the blocks on .adjacent tubes. In `armored water walls where blocks have been used v `35 for Vthe armor ithas been found essential that the Y blocks` be in close contact with the tubes for the reason, amongst others, that the rate of heat transfer through the blocks to the tubes is dependent upon the degree of closeness of the contact, and also because the blocks will be quickly damaged by the intense heat of the combustion chamber to which ythey `are subjected if they Vbecome locseon the tubes. Andin some instances wherethe blocks have been secured to the tubes by shrinking them thereon, cracks have developed in the furnace side of the blocks, as a` result of which the blocks have spread away from the tubes and have been burned.

Moreover, where the armor blocks have been 0 bolted or similarly secured tothe tubes by means other than shrinking the blocks on the tubes, it has Yheretofore generally been possible to obtain an area of contact between the tubes and the blockslcf not more than one half the circumfer- VVV55 enoefof the, tubes, and inasmuch-as the` rate of heat transfer between the blocks and tubes is dependent upon the areas of contact therebetween, it is desirable that this area be as great as possible in order that the tubes may effectively cool the armor.

The present invention contemplates the provision of a block armor for the tubes of water walls which is characterized by the fact that close contact between the blocks and the tubes on which they are mounted will be readily obtained irrespective of the alignment of the tubes and without the necessity for bending or straining the tubes to t the blocks. This characteristic is due primarily to the fact that the blocks and the means for securing them to the tubes are so designed that in the process of mounting and securing theY blocks on the tubes the blocks are caused to adapt themselves to the tubes rather than necessitating the tubes adapting themselves to the blocks'. L 20 `The invention also contemplates the provision of a block armor for the tubes of water walls wherein the blocks are bolted or secured to the tubes bymeans other than shrinking the blocks thereon and in which subtantially more than one half the circumference of eachiof the tubes of the water wall is in contact with the armor.

Other features and objects of the invention will4 Abecome apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawingsforrningA a part of this specification, in which:

Fig. 1 is a partial vertical sectional view of a tubular boiler having a water wall, the tubes of which are .armored in accordance with the present invention;

Y Fig. 2 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view of the boiler water wall taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 1 and-.on line 2-2 of Fig. 3, showing one form of my improved block armor; v

Fig. 3` is a partial elevational view of the water 40 wall shown in Fig. 2; ,Y

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing .another form of my improved armor block,V the section be.- ing taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken online 45 5--5 of Fig. 4; Y y i Y Fig. 6 is a view similar `to Fig. 4 showing still another form of the block; and

Fig. l is an elevational view of the block shown `in Fig.6. f A

Like reference characters refer to like parts throughout the several views, Y

Referring to thedrawings, Fig. 1 shows a wellknown'type ofi water tubeboiler havingwater 'tubes lil, a combustion chamber Il, front wall A55 4tion or eccentric surface.

of the block units I'I comprises two separate butY substantially similar block members or parts I8 and i9. Each part I8 and I9 has a substantially l rectangular front fire surface 2B and a lateral cylindrical surface or recess 2l to receive the tubes therein. The recesses 2l have a diameter approximately equal to the outside diameter of the water wall tubes I and a circumferential area substantially greater than one-fourth the surface area of the tube section adapted to be received in the recess. Each of the block parts is also provided with a lateral convex surface 22, which will be hereinafter referred to as a reac- Each of these reaction surfaces is preferably located adjacent the fire surface of each part and on the side opposite to the tube receiving recess 2 I. The reaction surfaces 22 are preferably cylindrical surfaces eccentric to and of greater diameter than the cylindrical tube receiving recesses and with their axes coinciding approximately with the lateral edges of the tube receiving recesses indicated on the drawings at 23. In this form, each part is also provided with avrecess 24 adjacent the reaction surface 22 and an outwardly extending projection or lip 25 having a central vnotch 25.

YTo mount the blocks on the tubes, the block parts I8 andI9 are placed together with their eccentric surfaces 22 in contact and the surfaces of their recesses 2| in engagement with the tubes as shown in Fig. 2. The block parts are adapted to be secured to the tubes by means of a force member or a member adapted to exert a force in the proper direction on the block parts, such as a bolt 27. As shown, this bolt 21 is provided with an elongated cylindrical head 28 adapted to be positioned in the recesses 24 and engaging the abutments or lips 25. A rigid bridge member 29' adapted to straddle or span the spaces between the tubes engaged by the block parts is mounted on the shank Vof bolt 21 as shown, after which the nut 35 is threaded on the bolt.

It will readily be understood that when the nut 35 is turned up on the bolt 2l against the bridge member 29, a pulling force is exerted on the block parts between the tubes in a direction at right angles to the re surface 20 of the block. This pulling force tends to swing the refractory mem bers I8 and I9 on the tubes and t0 spread apart the rear portions of the block parts opposite to the fire surface 20 thereof, and causes a pressure between the parts along the `line of contact of their eccentric surfaces 22. The result of this y pulling forcetogether with the 'force between the block parts, forces the parts against the tubes in close contact therewith due to the aforesaid force and the cam action of the eccentric surfaces. With this arrangement, the lblock parts are in elfect wedged in between the tubes and it will be apparent that even though the tubes may be out of alignment, the blocks will readily adapt themselves to the tubes. This Vis accomplished, of course, entirely without any bending or straining of the tubes, for the reason that the blocks conformfto the tubes rather than making it necessary for the tubes to conform to thelposition of the blocks. With this arrangement, moreover, it is apparent that substantially more than onehalf the circumference of each of the tubes of the Water wall is in direct contact with the armor.

The form of the invention shown in Figs. 4 and 5 is substantially the same as the form just described, except that instead of the outwardly extending lips 25, the block parts 3| and 32 are provided with laterally extending and intertting knuckles 33 and 34 having a pintle 35 therein. In this form of the invention, the force member is also Ya bolt 35 which is provided with an apertured head through which the pintle 35 is passed. In practically all other respects, the block and the method of securing it to the tube is substantially the same as the form shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

In the form shown in Figs. 6 and '7, the block parts 38 and 39 are each provided with plane surfaces G forming extensions of the reaction surfaces 22. The force member in this form of the invention comprises an elongated, substantially T-shaped member 4I, having a series of elongated apertures 42 and a cylindrical block contacting portion 43. Studs G4 threaded into the block parts 38 and 39 as shown, extend through the elongated apertures 42 ofthe Aforce members I and have nuts threaded thereon. In this form, as the nuts are turned up against the member il the portion :t3 of the force member 4I is forced against the diverging surfaces of the block parts and tends to spread apart the portions thereof which are opposite the re surfaces. A force is thereby set up between the block parts at their reaction surface contact and the parts are thus forced into close contact with the tubes much in the same manner as in the forms of the invention previously described.

In all of the forms disclosed, the force member is adapted toi act on the block parts in such Inanner that the portions of the parts of each block opposite to the re surface thereof are spread apart. This results in a pressure between the parts at their reaction or eccentric surface contact and the combination of the spreading action on one hand and the pressure between the parts on the other, results in the blocks being forced into close contact with the tubes on which they are mounted with no damage to the tubes which might result from bending or straining of the tubes, and also results in the elimination of any danger of damage to the Vblocks by burning because of their looseness on the tubes, and due to the fact that substantially more than one-half the circumference of each of the tubes of the water wall is in contact with the armor, elfective cooling of the Wallis assured.

It will be understood that if for any reason during service, the blocks become loose on the tubes, they may be readily tightened thereon to maintain the close contact with the tubes, by

Ymerely taking down the removable re brick wall water walls of Water tube boilers and the like, V

it will be apparent that it is equally well adapted to other types of heating apparatus, such as oil heaters and also may advantageously'be used for baffles of boilers and similar apparatus.

' Although many changes may be made in the forms of the invention herein disclosed, it is nevertheless intended that the invention be limvited only by the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is: Y

1. The combination with spaced tubes, of a blockunit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two refractory members, said members having curved tube recesses and curved ,contacting surfaces eccentric thereto, a rigid member, and tension means engaging the refractory members and the rigid member for clamping the block unit to the tubes.

2. The combination with spaced tubes, of a block unit mounted. thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said members having curved tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces eccentric thereto, a rigid member, means engaging the block members and the rigid member for clamping the block unit and the rigid member to the tubes. l

3. The combination with spaced tubes, of a block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising twoblock members, said members having curved tube recesses and' curved contacting surfaces eccentric thereto, a rigid member, and threaded means engaging the block members and the rigid member to clamp the block ,unit to the tubes.

4. The combination with spaced tubes, of a block unit comprising two block members, said members havingcurved tube recesses, curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric withrespect thereto and said members having abutments, a Vrigid member, and stress means engaging the abutments on the block members andthe rigid member and operative to swing the block members on the tubes to wedge the block unit by cam action of the eccentric contacting surfaces.

5. The combination with spaced parallel cylindrical tubes, of a block unitY mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said members having curved tube recesses, contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and said members havingabutments, a rigid member, spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and

stress means acting between the abutments on the block members and the rigid member and operative to swing the block members on the tubes vto wedge the block unit by cam actionmof the eccentric contacting surfaces.

6. The combination withV spaced parallel cylindrical tubes, of a block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said members having'curved tube recesses, curved contacting surfaces' opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and said members having abutments, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and

threaded members acting between the abutments having abutmentsa rigid member spanning theY 'space between and contacting said tubes, and ad- "justable stress means acting between the abutments on the block members and the rigid memberjand operative to swing the block members on the tubes to wedgemthe block unit by camaction ofthe eccentric contacting surfaces.

8. The combination with spaced parallel cylindrical tubes, of a block unit mounted thereon 4and therebetween comprising two block members,

said members having curved tube recesses, curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and said members having abutments, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and stress means comprising a T-shaped bolt and a nut threaded thereon acting between the abutments on the block members and the rigid member and operative to swing the block members on the tubes to wedge the block unit by cam action of the eccentric contacting surfaces.

9. The combination with spaced parallel cylindrical tubes, of a block unit mounted there on and therebetween comprising two block members, said members having curved tube recesses, curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and said members having abutments, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and stress means comprising a pintle, eye-bolt and nut acting between the abutments on the blockmembers and the rigid member and operative to swing the block members on the tubes to wedge the block unit by cam action of the eccentric contacting surfaces.

10,'The combination with spaced tubes of a wall adapted to be exposed to heat, of a block unit mounted forwardly thereon I and therebetween comprising two block members, said block members having tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and oppositely disposed recessed surfaces providing rearwardly converging surface `portions between the tubes, a rearwardly disposed rigid member spanning the space between andcontactingsaid tubes, and stressmeans acting against said rigid member and against the converging surface portions on both block members to stress the block members and the rigid `member against the tubes.

`mounted forwardly thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said block members having tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and oppositely disposed recessed surfaces providing rearwardly converging surface portions between the tubes, a rearwardly disposed rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and stress means acting against said rigid member and against'the converging surface portions on both block members to stress the block members and the rigid member against the tubes, said stress means comprising a threaded member passing through said rigid member and a nut threaded thereon.

12.* The combination with spaced tubes of a wall adapted to be exposed to heat, of a block unit mounted forwardly thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said block members having tube recesses and curved contric with respect thereto and oppositely disposed recessed surfaces providing rearwardly converg.V

ingsurface portions between the tubes, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and stress means comprising coacting adjustable threadedparts acting in tension between said rigid member on the one hand and theV converging surface portions on both block members on the other hand to stress the'block members and the rigid member against the tubes. 13. The combination with spaced parallel tubes,

Vof a block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said block members having tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and oppositely disposed surfaces between said tubes, said surfaces comprising portions angularly disposed with respect to the plane of the tubes, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and stress means acting against said angularly disposed portions of said surfaces and against said rigid member to stress the block members and the rigid member against the tubes.

14. The combination with spaced parallel tubes, of a block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said block members having tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and oppositely disposed surfaces between said tubes, said surfaces comprising portions angularly disposed withV respect to the plane of the tubes, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and stress means acting against said angularly disposed portions of said surfaces and against said rigid member to stress the block members and the rigid member against the tubes,v said stress means comprising a threaded member passing through said rigid member and a nut threaded thereon.

v15. A structure of the character set forth comprising a two-part block unit, each part having a lateral tube engaging surface, a curved contacting surface and an opposite surface, the opposite surfaces of the parts being angularly disposed in operative position, and means for mounting the block unit comprising a rigid member and stress means comprising cooperating adjustable threaded members operative to produce pressure between the angularly disposed surfaces.

16. The combination with parallel spaced tubes, of a two-part block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said block members having curved tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and opposite surfaces non-concentric with respect to the tube recesses and angularly disposed with respect to each other and with respect to the plane of the tubes, and means for mounting the block unit on the tubes comprising a rigidV member span lning the space between andY contacting the tubes and cooperating adjustable Ythreaded members operative to produce pressure between the angularly disposed surfaces, between the block members, between the block members and the tubes, and between the rigid member and the tubes.

17. The combination with parallel spaced tubes, of a two-part block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said block members having curved tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto andV opposite surfaces non-concentric with respect to the tube recesses and angularly disposed with respect Y Y tubes, and means for mounting the'block unit onY to each other and with respect to the plane of the the tubes comprising a rigidV member having a Y vportion in contact with said opposite angularly disposed surfaces and means engaging the block members and the rigid member and tendingY to spread apart thev opposite angularly disposedsurfaces to thereby produce pressure betweenV the Vtherebetween comprising two block members, said block members having curved tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and opposite Surfaces non-concentric with respect to the tube recesses and angularly disposed with respect to each other and with respect to the plane of the tubes, and means for mounting the block unit on the tubes comprising a rigid member having a portion in contact with said opposite angularly disposed surfaces and adjustable means engaging the block members and the rigid member and tending to spread apart the opposite angularly disposed surfaces to thereby produce pressure between the curved contacting surfaces and wedge the block members against the tubes.

19. The combination with parallel spaced tubes, of a twopart block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said block members having curved tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and opposite surfaces non-concentric with respect to the tube recesses and angularly disposed with respect to each other and with respect to the plane of the tubes, and means for mounting the block unit on the tubes comprising a rigid member having a portion. in contact with said opposite angularly disposed surfaces and threaded means engaging the block members and the rigid member and tending to spread apart the opposite angularly disposed surfaces to thereby produce pressure between the curved contacting surfaces and wedge the block members against the tubes.

20. The combination with parallel spaced tubes, of a two-part block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said block members having curved tube recesses and curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and opposite surfaces non-concentric with respect to the tube recesses and angularly disposed with respect to each other and with respect to the plane of the tubes, and means for mounting the block unit on the tubes comprising a rigid member having a portion in contact with said opposite angularly disposed surfaces and separate threaded means engaging the rigid member and each of the block members and tending to spread apart the opposite angularly disposed surfaces to thereby produce pressure between the curved contacting sur-- faces and wedge the block members against the tubes.A

21. The combination with spaced parallel cylindrical tubes, of a block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said members having curved tube recesses, curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and said members having knuckles disposed so as to interi-lt and align with the knuckles on the other member, a pintle passing through said knuckles, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and stress means engaging the pintle and the rigid member and operative to and therebetween comprising Vtwo block members,

said members having curved tube recesses, curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and said members having knuckles disposed so as to intert and align with the knuckles on the other member, a pintle passing through said knuckles, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and threaded. means engaging the pintle and the rigid member land operative to swingY the block members on the tubes to wedge the block unit between the tubes by cam action of the eccentric contacting surfaces.

23. The combination with spaced parallel cylindrical tubes, of a block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said members having curved tube recesses, curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and said members having knuckles disposed so as to intert and align with the knuckles on the other member, a pintle passing through said knuckles, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and adjustable stress means engaging the pintle and the .rigid member and operative to swing the block members on the tubes to Wedge the block unit between the tubes by cam action of the eccentric contacting surfaces.

24. The combination with spaced parallel cylindrical tubes, of a block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said members having curved tube recesses, curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and said members having knuckles disposed so as to intert and align with the knuckles on the other member, a pintle passing through said knuckles, said pintle having a transverse cross-sectional area smaller than the transverse area of the apertures in the knuckles, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and stress means engaging the pintle and the rigid member and operative to swing the block members on the tubes to wedge the block unit between the tubes by cam action of the eccentric contacting surfaces.

25. The combination with spaced parallel cylindrical tubes, of a block unit mounted thereon and therebetween comprising two block members, said members having curved tube recesses, curved contacting surfaces opposite said recesses and eccentric with respect thereto and said members having abutments, a rigid member spanning the space between and contacting said tubes, and stress means comprising a bolt and a nut threaded thereon acting between the abutments on the block members and the rigid member and operative to swing the block members on the tubes to wedge the block unit by cam action of the eccentric contacting surfaces.

JOHN BLIZARD. 

